The Parisian club has now won the season-opening trophy on fourteen different times.
Paris Saint-Germain needed a stoppage-time leveler followed by a perfect spot-kick decider to overcome Marseille in Kuwait and secure a fourth straight French Super Cup title.
The Champions League holders seemed to be sailing towards a straightforward win in the match between the Ligue 1 champions and the Coupe de France holders after the French winger opened the net early on.
Yet, Marseille fired twice in the closing moments to take a surprise lead. Initially, the English forward converted from the spot-kick, before Willian Pacho inadvertently directed the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a breathtaking twist of fortune, the Portuguese striker snatched a crucial leveler in the final moments to send the match into a deciding shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Lucas Chevalier then emerged as the key figure, stopping decisive attempts from O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Goncalo Ramos, Vitinha, the full-back, and Desire Doue all scored with composure for Paris Saint-Germain to complete a convincing penalty win.
The record champions PSG, who met last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Marseille after achieving a league and cup double, have now won this competition for the twelfth time in the last thirteen years.